TE 845

Language Diversity and Literacy Instruction Assessment

 

 

Lisa Hendricks- TE 845 Final Reflective Essay

Format
I developed my professional development session for the faculty at the school I taught at last year.  It is a K-7 building with about 36 teachers plus additional support staff and administrators.  We have one ELL teacher for the whole school, but have many students who qualify for some level of ELL services.
The focus of my professional development hour is instructional strategies that benefit ELL students.  I chose this focus for a number of reasons.  The first was that it was applicable to all students, no matter what grade level.  Since the school teaches so many grade levels, I wanted to choose a topic that would be valuable for all of the teachers involved.  Second, I wanted to address instructional strategies because they can be applied across all curricular areas, thus they have the potential for having the greatest impact on students.  If teachers are only able to change one or two things about their teaching style, but these changes are implemented throughout the day, their students will benefit enormously.  I was also aware that these strategies, while beneficial to ELL students, are beneficial to all students.  If I can focus my presentation on ELL students, but still benefit everyone else in the classroom, it’s a win-win situation for everyone involved.  My goal for this presentation is that by the end of the hour, teachers will have one or two techniques ready to implement into their classroom.  Being ready to implement means that they will have decided not only what strategy they will use, but also when and how they will use it. 
Having watched my colleagues struggle with how to support their ELL students in their general education classrooms, I chose to create a more standard presentation.  My presentation is less interactive because I want to provide my teachers with information.  This would be followed up with more interactive sessions, but I want to provide teachers with as many ideas as possible, so that they could choose a few strategies to add into their repertoire immediately.  Though this is a lecture-style presentation, I have tried to include many examples of my different points, so that teachers have many ideas to pull from.  I also want my presentation to encourage open dialogue, so that teachers can ask questions throughout the presentation, rather than having to wait until the end.
At the end of my presentation, I give my audience a chance to think about all of the techniques I have presented.  I then want them to choose one or two strategies that they can immediately implement into their classroom.  Because I want the strategies actually implemented, I am asking the teachers not only to list the strategies but also to be specific about how they will implement them.  I want the teachers to think about what content area(s) the strategy will be used for, when during the day it will be used, and if it is a visual, where in the classroom it will be placed.  Implementation of these strategies needs to be thoughtful, not haphazard, so I’m giving teachers the chance to think thoughtfully about how they will implement the new strategies.  Then, after some time to think, I will give the teachers time to share their ideas with others.  Collaboration time is always important, so I want the teachers to have time to share their ideas with one another.  I hope that this will encourage some teachers to try more than one or two new ideas and it may help some teachers clarify their plans for implementation. 
I plan to end the session with a reminder that we will be meeting again to talk about our ELL students.  Too often professional development is a one-time occurrence.  I want teachers to know that they will have support when working with their ELL students.  I will encourage teachers to implement the strategies they have learned about and to record any questions, concerns, or frustrations they have so that they can be addressed the next time we meet.  If teachers feel supported in their endeavors, then they are more likely to try new things that will help their students. 
Content
            As mentioned above, the focus of my presentation is instructional strategies that benefit ELL students.  I begin by addressing one of Samway and McKeon’s (2007) myths, that teachers should not teach ELL students content knowledge until they have mastered English (p. 38).  I want teachers to understand that it is important that our instruction begin as soon as a student enters our classroom.  While it may be challenging, we have strategies that can help the student learn, if we don’t use any strategies, we’re not moving the student forward.  I also want to emphasize, that while it may seem counter intuitive, teaching through the content areas is actually to our benefit.  Because ELL students often have some background knowledge in their first language, we can use that knowledge to build new knowledge (Samway & McKeon, 2007).  Teachers have a starting point.  If we try to teach in isolation, we work from nothing.  Before addressing the strategies, I also wanted to be sure that teachers know they are responsible for teaching content information, even if students are pulled for ELL services.  Sometimes teachers assume that because a student is pulled for extra support, they are no longer responsible for instruction; I wanted to address this misconception head on before moving forward.
The list of strategies that I use in my presentation came from Samway and McKeon (2007, p. 39) but they also align with best practices for brain based teaching and learning.  I see the goal of both as getting students engaged in learning so that they can make connections, with English and their first language, to grow their understanding of content.  I used the list of strategies as a starting point for the strategies I would address in my presentation, then I added in an explanation of the strategy and/or examples of what implementation of the strategy could look like.  I wanted to add examples of how these strategies could be implemented into the classroom.  Where I could, I also tied in information about the brain from Eric Jensen (2000, 2005).  Jensen has studied brain based teaching and learning, and it made sense to add in his information if teachers are trying to get the most out of their students.  Again, these techniques work for all students, but when paired with techniques for ELL students, can surely enhance their learning experience. 
Throughout my presentation, I also tried to add in pictures of my own classroom, to represent that these strategies can and do work in the classroom.  I would tie those experiences in with how they benefit ELL students.  While discussing the benefits of collaboration, for instance, I would discuss how I often put my students in groups for projects.  In third grade, we “grew” worms in order to study decomposers.  Students worked in groups of four.  All of my students were able to learn the content information and were able to participate in all of the activities because they had the support of their peers.  If a student had a question, he/she had three other people to ask and could hear an explanation three different ways, in addition to my explanation if something was confusing.  My ELL students didn’t struggle learning the content because they had others to help them when they were confused, and they could help their teammates when they understood what was going on.  When discussing field trips, I can reference the many field trips I took my students on.  These trips created numerous visuals and a concrete experience for students to draw upon once we were back in the classroom.  All of my students were able to refer back to the field trip and it immediately brought back emotions and memories that the students could draw upon to connect with current learning. 
            The last slide reiterates why we need to use these strategies- because they affect student learning across all content areas.  No teacher is excluded from using these strategies because the students will benefit from their use in all classes.  The last piece of information I leave teachers with is that we have to set the bar high for our students; if we don’t then they are less likely to succeed on their own.  Samway and McKeon (2007) state, “low expectations can have a profoundly negative impact on learners” (p. 41).  I want my teachers to know that they have to challenge their students so that their students know to push themselves.  Without that encouragement, it’s easy for anyone to take the easy road and not try as hard.  We need our students to do their best so that they can achieve for themselves. 
  
References:
Jensen, E.  (2000).  Brain-based learning:  The new science of teaching & training. 
(Revised ed.).  San Diego, CA: The Brain Store
Jensen, E.  (2005).  Teaching with the brain in mind.  (2nd ed.)  Alexandria, VA: ASCD
Samway, K.D. & McKeon, D.  (2007) Myths and realities:  Best practices for English
language learners (2nd ed.).  Portsmouth, NH:  Heinemann.
 

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